Calculating Delegated Arbitration (RDoC) Model

Coinweb's Refereed Delegation of Computation (RDoC) model aims to reduce computational complexity while ensuring the security and accuracy of cross-chain transactions. Typically, consensus mechanisms require a majority of participants in the network to ensure the verification function, but RDoC only requires one honest node to operate. This setup allows lightweight clients, such as dApp frontends and mobile devices, to independently verify transactions, reducing reliance on the main blockchain layer for each transaction. By shifting the verification task to client applications, not only is the processing time shortened, but resource usage is also reduced, thereby improving the efficiency and scalability of cross-blockchain transactions.

RDoC delegates the verification task to the client instead of centralizing it on the blockchain. This model breaks down the task into smaller verifiable units, which are processed locally on client devices. This process involves the following three steps:

1. Data BroadcastingNodes broadcast data to clients instead of completing calculations directly on the blockchain. This allows client devices to independently access and verify the required data.
2. Local VerificationThe client processes and verifies transactions locally, reducing the need for large-scale verification on the chain, thereby reducing the load on the main blockchain and enabling the network to process more transactions at a lower cost.
3. Binary agreement for dispute resolutionCoinweb uses a binary protocol to efficiently resolve disputes. This protocol can narrow disputes down to specific parts of the calculation, making it easy to isolate errors. Similar to fraud proofs in optimistic rollups, the protocol quickly corrects errors by verifying specific parts until the point of dispute is found, without causing significant delays.

This kind of RDoC model builds an environment that does not rely on blockchain consensus, and clients can perform verification without relying on the blockchain. Decentralized verification reduces the resource requirements of traditional consensus mechanisms, making transaction processing easier, thereby improving the scalability and interoperability of cross-chains. This model is particularly suitable for deterministic computation, i.e., transactions that produce consistent results each time they are processed, which brings advantages to high-frequency applications across multiple blockchains. By simultaneously verifying on each device, transaction throughput and processing efficiency are further improved.

Multi-chain layer framework

Coinweb's multi-chain layer framework is based on the InChain architecture, which is a design that allows decentralized applications (dApps) to run across multiple blockchains within a single computational layer. This framework integrates different blockchains into a unified platform, enabling dApps to access and interact with the underlying chains without being bound to a specific blockchain. The InChain architecture separates the execution layer from the consensus layer and data availability layer, allowing Coinweb to perform deterministic computations based on the data of independent blockchains, ensuring consistency of data flow even when using multiple blockchains.

To achieve this goal, Coinweb uses a consistent cross-chain settlement layer. Through its state propagation graph, it aligns data from different blockchains to track changes and transactions between chains. This design mitigates the inconsistency issues caused by block reorganizations, which can arise when using multiple blockchains. By designing a system that can handle reorganizations, Coinweb ensures the reliability and consistency of data, allowing for the addition of more blockchains to the network without compromising stability.

A multi-chain framework can dynamically route transactions to the most appropriate blockchain based on factors such as transaction speed, gas fees, and network congestion. For example, dApps on Coinweb can use Ethereum to execute smart contracts while using Bitcoin for secure data storage. The routing system, combined with Coinweb's responsive smart contracts, can automatically switch transactions to another chain when necessary. This flexibility enhances the practicality of dApps because they can optimize the use of blockchains in real time, balancing cost and performance.

The InChain architecture also solves security problems by retaining the security attributes of the underlying Layer 1 chain. Coinweb embeds shards in existing blockchains, allowing data to inherit the security and data availability characteristics of these chains without being restricted by their transaction rules. This setup enables Coinweb to adapt to new innovations in blockchain technology, as it can add more blockchains while maintaining a secure environment for dApps. By supporting cross-chain token issuance and complex, high-capacity smart contracts, Coinweb's multi-chain layer framework maximizes the network effect of the interconnected blockchain ecosystem while reducing transaction costs and complexity.

Implementing scalability using WebAssembly and virtual machines

Coinweb's computing system relies on WebAssembly (WASM) and RISC-V virtual machines to maximize scalability and provide a cross-platform environment for decentralized applications (dApps). WebAssembly supports multiple programming languages, including Rust, JavaScript, and Python, providing convenience for developers. Coinweb's implementation of WASM enables dApps to run efficiently across devices and platforms, creating a familiar development environment and reducing the learning curve for developers transitioning to blockchain applications.

The platform adopts a batch sequential programming model and parallel processing to execute transactions on multiple virtual machines. This architecture allows dApps to process a large number of transactions simultaneously, rather than sequentially, thereby improving throughput and scalability. By running computation tasks in parallel, Coinweb can leverage horizontal scaling to distribute computation tasks to multiple virtual machines. This design reduces the bottlenecks associated with sequential processing for complex applications that require high computational power.

RISC-V is a virtual machine supported by Coinweb, which adds flexibility to the platform's computing capabilities. The modular design of RISC-V allows for customized optimizations to improve the performance of specific dApp requirements. By combining WebAssembly and RISC-V, Coinweb's computing layer is able to handle various workloads and adapt to evolving blockchain standards, thereby supporting efficient dApp functionality.

By supporting multiple virtual machines and implementing parallel execution, Coinweb's architecture allows dApps to maximize the use of computing resources and achieve scalability beyond traditional single-threaded blockchain systems. The platform not only meets the current needs of blockchain but also prepares for integration with next-generation technologies, making it an ideal choice for developers to deploy large-scale applications across multiple blockchains. This adaptability provides Coinweb with a scalable foundation for high-performance dApps, reducing development costs and enhancing cross-chain interoperability.

Highlights

• RDoC achieves efficient cross-chain verification by minimizing computational costs.
• The multi-chain framework promotes interoperability between multiple blockchains.
• The InChain architecture supports blockchain-agnostic operations for dApps.
• WebAssembly and RISC-V virtual machines enhance scalability and support multiple programming languages.
• Coinweb's technology architecture aims to provide secure cross-platform dApp compatibility and scalability.