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Vitalik Buterin Talks About the Future of Ethereum: POS, Layer 2, Cryptography, and the Integration of AI Innovations
Vitalik Buterin's Chinese Interview: The Fusion of POS, Layer 2, Cryptography, and AI Innovation
On April 7, 2025, Vitalik Buterin attended the Pop-X HK Research House event in Hong Kong, co-hosted by several institutions. During a break in the event, Yan, the founder of the DappLearning community, conducted an interview with Vitalik covering several topics, including ETH POS, Layer2, Cryptography, and AI. Here are the main points from the interview:
Views on POS Upgrade
Vitalik believes that the price of ETH is unrelated to POW and POS, but rather depends more on whether the success of Ethereum applications can translate into the value of ETH. He stated that more support is needed for applications that benefit ETH holders and the long-term value of ETH.
PBS Architecture and Centralization Concerns
Vitalik acknowledged that Builders may become more centralized, but he believes that technologies like Fossil can separate the roles of selecting transactions and executing transactions, limiting the power of large nodes. He stated that this hybrid architecture, although more complex, can ensure network security and decentralization.
The Relationship Between Layer 1 and Layer 2
Vitalik pointed out that Layer 2 currently faces challenges such as insufficient security progress and interoperability issues. He believes that Layer 1 still needs to play a certain role and is advancing several solutions to enhance Layer 1 scalability, expecting to increase the Layer 1 Gas limit by 10 times by 2026.
Ethereum Upgrade Plan
Vitalik revealed that the Pectra upgrade will take place at the end of April, and the Fusaka upgrade will occur in Q3 or Q4. To accelerate the upgrade process, team coordination will be strengthened, and it is considered to start the upgrade as soon as only four client teams are ready.
View on Cryptography
Vitalik suggests that developers learn high-level languages without needing to delve into underlying algorithms. He is optimistic about the ZK RISC-V path and believes that FHE has a promising future, but also has some concerns.
The Impact of AI on Blockchain
Vitalik believes that AI can enhance everyone's abilities and narrow the gap between experts and novices. He looks forward to the social effects that the combination of technologies such as blockchain, AI, and Cryptography will produce.
Expectations for the Ethereum Ecosystem
Vitalik hopes that developers can create applications that have real value and sustainable business models, avoiding the extremes of "extreme idealism" and "pure gambling." He believes that current developers have more resources and if they can find good ideas and execute them well, the chances of success are very high.